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森饗生活  -  植人生活篇                 蕨類達人 許建國&邱怡霖

認識鹿⾓蕨
台灣 是個很適合蕨類⽣長的地⽅，因特殊的地理環境，四⾯環海，溼度潮濕的氣候，孕育出豐富的蕨類⽣態。 雖然台灣的蕨類植物於世界上數⼀數⼆， 但並沒有原⽣鹿⾓蕨，早年看到的鹿⾓蕨多半是東南亞進⼝的鹿⾓蕨品種。 鹿⾓蕨原⽣種有18種，主要分布於熱帶與亞熱帶的雨林區，原⽣地⼤多是著⽣在樹上，根系攀附於樹⽪上樹冠層， 靠著吸收樹上的⽔分與樹葉遮陰的陽光⽣存，在蕨類植物裡進化適應環境的能⼒相較⾼。 近年也有很多園藝園⼦培育很多鹿⾓蕨的園藝交種，讓鹿⾓蕨的品種增添更多美麗豐富的園藝品系，想佈置雨林風格在居家環境，鹿⾓蕨是絕佳的選擇！

⼤⾃然的點綴師！
原來鹿角蕨是附生植物！ 什麼是附生植物？不長在地表土地上，而靠著附著在其他植物上⼀起共同生存的著生植物，與寄生植物不同，不需要吸收寄宿植物的養分，而是森林裡的樹皮能提供給附生植物們根系攀附在上面的需求，達成彼此和諧共生的環境。 鹿角蕨即是眾多附生植物群裡很典型的例子，也因每個不同鹿角蕨品系因著不同的森林環境演化成當地的特色植物。 鹿角蕨跟其他蕨類植物⼀樣靠著孢子繁衍下⼀代，為了要能有效率繁衍自己的族群，大致會分兩⼤類，⼀是單芽，靠孢子繁殖，另⼀是多芽，除了具有本身孢子繁殖外，還會長出分身芽。 原生種屬於單芽的鹿角蕨有女王鹿角蕨、壯麗（巨獸）鹿角蕨、馬來（亞洲猴腦）鹿角蕨、巨大鹿角蕨、印度鹿角蕨、及何其美鹿角蕨。 其他原生種屬於多芽的鹿角蕨有⼆歧鹿角蕨、立葉鹿角蕨、爪哇鹿角蕨、 圓盾鹿角蕨、安地斯鹿角蕨、愛麗絲鹿角蕨、馬達加斯加（非洲猴腦）鹿角蕨、 三角鹿角蕨、象耳鹿角蕨、深綠鹿角蕨、 四叉鹿角蕨及皇冠鹿角蕨等。 這18種原生種鹿角蕨都因所處的地理環境不同，生長的樣貌與照顧方式都有些許差別，之後會再更詳盡的介紹個品種的照顧與養護方式，此篇會先著眼在鹿角蕨普遍性的簡介與如何運用鹿角蕨之園藝呈現.

園藝中的鹿角蕨與其呈現方式

鹿角蕨板植佈置解析
【板       植】
最能表現美感的⽅式，以下分四種板植的材料進⾏介紹

1.⽊板－任何⽊板都可以，盡可能選擇原⽊板材，夾板或密集板因製程⽤膠黏合，隨著時間會膨脹崩解，不是耐⽤的材料。 

2.⽊框（格）板－以⽊框的形式製作，中間可採⽤⽊格或⾦屬或塑 膠網格，優點可增加植株根系透氣度，配合空間設計⼤⼤加分，視覺質感百分百。 

3.蛇⽊板－⾃然界蕨類附⽣植物最佳選材，蛇⽊板來⾃⼤型蕨類筆筒樹的樹⾝，很適合拿來種植, 但因野⽣的筆筒樹族群數量越來越少，為了保護筆筒樹，
                  建議還是少取⽤此材質來種植

4.樹⽪板－仿造模擬森林的質感，可挑選天然的樹⽪作為蕨類上板的材料，可營造空間的森林系風格。

【盆       植】
依照鹿⾓蕨的⽣長樣貌與型態，葉⾯向上⽣長的，比較適合選⽤盆栽的種植⽅式，例如深綠鹿⾓蕨、⾺來（亞洲猴腦）鹿⾓蕨、或⾺達加斯加（非洲猴腦） 鹿⾓蕨等，只要做好排⽔透氣，其實都可以⽤盆器種植。

【吊掛⽅式】
可利⽤筒狀的網藍、天然的樹幹或圓形盆器， 吊掛的⽅式垂掛在明亮的空間中，可以選擇多芽特質的鹿⾓蕨種植，隨著時間慢慢會形成群⽣的樣貌。

【綁  上  樹】
直接將鹿⾓蕨仿照雨林⽣態的固定在樹幹上，利⽤樹欉達到天然遮陰的效果。

鹿⾓蕨照顧

⼀般品種照顧 （以下的照顧⽅式符合⼤部分鹿角蕨的照顧⽅式，特殊進階品種或園藝種因為產地地理環境特殊，需要特別個別針對品種特性照顧）

環境⽇照－鹿⾓蕨⼤多⽣長在樹冠叢之間，居家環境可以挑選明亮遮陰通風的環境

溫度－台灣氣候介於熱帶與亞熱帶之間，北中南會有些微不⼀樣，注意冬天低於15度時寒流需要放乾避免積⽔，可利⽤⽩天陽光溫暖時澆⽔；夏天酷暑要遮陰或使⽤減
           光網避免曝曬，利⽤清晨或傍晚涼爽時澆⽔。 

澆⽔⽅式－採⽤霧狀噴灑植株，⽔苔濕度維持摸起來如擰乾濕⽑⼱的濕度即可。

上板介質－可選⽤增加保溼效果的「⽔苔」、混搭 增加透氣材質的「椰塊」、「樹⽪塊」

施肥－可施加些許顆粒肥料（有機肥、長效顆粒 肥），中間補肥可使⽤稀釋液肥酌量噴灑


圖 1  透氣木框上板/ P.willinckii


圖 2  盾牌造型⽊板上板／P. Lemoinei 


圖 3  ⽊框板上板／P. mt Lewis


圖 4  橡⽊樹⽪板上板／P. wallichii


圖 5  亞洲猴腦鹿⾓蕨圓盆種植


圖 6  ⾺達加斯加鹿⾓蕨喜歡坐在潮濕盆器上


圖 7  吊掛群⽣樣貌


圖 8  皇冠鹿⾓蕨原⽣地

蕨類學名
壯麗鹿角蕨      P. grande 單芽型 (巨獸)
馬來鹿角蕨      P. ridleyi 單芽型 (亞洲猴腦)
巨大鹿角蕨      P. superbum 單芽型 (蘇拉比華麗) 
印度鹿角蕨      P. wallichii 單芽型 (沃爾切)
女王鹿角蕨      P. wandae 單芽型
圓盾鹿角蕨      P. alcicorne 多芽型
美洲鹿角蕨      P. andinum 多芽型   安地斯
普通鹿角蕨      P. bifurcatum 多芽型 二歧
皇冠鹿角蕨      P. coronarium 多芽型
象耳鹿角蕨      P. elephantotis 多芽型
深綠鹿角蕨      P. hillii 多芽型 (昆士蘭)（掌葉）
四叉鹿角蕨      P. quadridichotomum 多芽型  Q鹿
三角鹿角蕨      P. stemaria 多芽型
立葉鹿角蕨      P. veitchii 多芽型 (直立、長葉)
爪哇鹿角蕨      P. willinckii 多芽型
何其美鹿角蕨   P. holttumii 單芽型
安地斯鹿角蕨   P.andinum
愛麗絲鹿角蕨   P. ellisii 多芽型
馬達加斯加鹿角蕨    P. madagascariense(非洲猴腦）

補充字彙:
蛇木  學名 Cyathea lepifera / 英名  Common Free Ferm
孢子             spore
樹冠             canopy
苔蘚             moss
水苔             sphagnum
施肥             fertilizer
粒狀             granular
單芽             single-bud
多發芽          multi-sprouting
滲透性          permeability
園藝的          horicultural
附生植物      epiphyte(s)
寄生植物      parasitic plant

 
Recognize & have the Platycerium

Taiwan is a very suitable place for Platycerium to grow. Due to its special geographical environment, surrounded by the sea & ocean, and humid climate, there are abundant ferns. Although Taiwan has many types of ferns in the world, there is no original Platycerium. In the early years the Platycerium we seen are mostly imported from Southeast Asia. There are 18 original species of Platycerium, which are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical rain forest areas. The original area of Platycerium is mostly accreted on trees, and the root system is attached to the canopy of the tree. It depends on absorbing water and the sunlight shaded by the leaves survives, and the ferns have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. In recent years, many gardeners have cultivated many horticultural crosses of Platycerium, adding more beautiful and rich horticultural strains to the variety of Platycerium. If you want to arrange rainforest style in your home environment, Platycerium is a great choice!

A natural decorator!

It turns out that Platycerium is an epiphyte! What are epiphytes? It's a plant that grows on another plant but does not feed from it. Unlike the parasitic plants, they do not need to absorb the nutrients of the parasitic plants, but the trees in the forest can provide them to the epiphytes. The roots of plants need to cling to the top to achieve a harmonious symbiosis environment with each other. Platycerium is a typical example of many epiphytes, and because each different Platycerium strain evolves into local special plants due to different forest environments. Platycerium, like other ferns, relies on spores to multiply for the next generation. In order to efficiently reproduce high-quality groups, it will be divided into two types. One is single bud, spores reprouduction. Another is multi-sprouting, in addition to spore reproduction, separate buds will also grow. The original species of Platycerium that belong to a single bud include the P.wandae, P.grande, P.riddleyi, P.superbum, P.wallichi, and P.holttumii.Other original species belong to the multi-sprouting Platycerium, including P.bifurcatum, P.veitchii, P.willinckii, P.alcicorne, P.ellisii, and P.madagascariense, P.stemaria, P.elephantotis, P.andinum, P.hillii, P.quadridichotomum and P.coronarium, etc. These 18 original species of Platycerium are all different in their geographical environment, and their appearance and care methods are slightly different. Later, will introduce the care methods of each species in more detail. And will focus on the general introduction of Platycerium and how to take them.

The gardening beauty of Platycerium

Analysis of Platycerium Board Planting Arrangement

[Board Planting]

 1.Wood board planting -
Any board is ok. Choose the original wood board as much as possible. The plywood or dense wood board will expand and disintegrate over time due to the adhesive bonding of the manufacturing process. It is not a durable for long term use.
 
2. Framed board -
Made in the form of a frame, with a grid or metal or plastic grid in the middle. The advantage can increase the air permeability of the roots. And the interior design is a wonderful plus, and the visual texture is 100%.
 
3. Common Free Ferm board-
The best selection of the sort of fern in the natural world. It come from the treebody of itself , which is very suitable for planting, but because of the less increasing number of wild Common Free Ferm, we should protect them,and we suggest that less using is a appropriate way.

4. Bark board-
Imitating texture of a simulated forest, natural trees can be selected as the material for the fern board, which can create the forest style in the space.

[Potted plant]
According to the appearance and shape of the Platycerium, the foliage wish are growing upper is more suitable for potted planting, such as P.hillii, P.ridleyi, or P.madagascariense, etc., as long as they are well drained and breathable, they can be planted in pots.
 
[Hanging style]
Cylindrical net basket, natural tree trunks or round pots can be used. Hanging in a bright space, you can choose to plant Platycerium with multi-sprouting characteristics, which will gradually form clusters over time.
 
[Tie to the tree]
Directly fix the Platycerium to the trunk in the same way as the rain forest, and use the tree to achieve the natural shading effect.


Platycerium care
 
General species care (the following care methods are in line with most Platycerium, special advanced species or horticultural species , need individual care because of the special geographical environment of the production area, they have the characteristics of the species.
 
Environment sunshine –
Platyceriums are numerous and grow among the canopies. You can choose a bright, shaded and airy environment in your house.
 
Temperature-
Taiwan's climate is between tropical and subtropical. The north, central and south will be slightly different. Note that when the temperature is below 15 degrees in winter, it needs to be drained to avoid accumulation of water. Watering in when the sun is warm during the day; in hot summer shade is necessary or use a light-reducing net to avoid exposure, and use water in the early morning or evening when it is cool.
 
Watering method-
Spray the plants with mist, and the moisture of the wet moss can be maintained as if it were a wringed towel.
 
Top board medium-
Select the material that mix matching the "sphagnum" with “coconut” and “bark board” to increase moisturizing effect and breathable.
 
Fertilization-
A little granular fertilizer (organic fertilizer, long-lasting granular fertilizer) can be applied, and during the planting can be sprayed with diluted liquid fertilizer.


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